Nutraceuticals – changing the intestinal microbiome one can affect the work of the brain

Abstract

The intestinal microbiome is a powerful weapon of the human body, for years identified primarily with the proper functioning of the digestive system. However, a properly functioning intestinal microbiome determines the physiological balance of the entire organism and the composition of the intestinal flora translates into e.g proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). This enables the network of reciprocal connections between enteric nervous system (ENS) and CNS, in which microbiota plays pivotal role. This creates gut-microbiom-brain axis, in which signals send from gut to the brain are produced by germs. CNS disorders are often manifested by cognitive dysfunctions, including impaired concentration, memory and learning. These constitute a serious social problem, making it difficult or even impossible for patients to function normally in society and in extreme cases making them dependent on the others. As of today, medicine does not have fully effective drugs to treat cognitive disorders, therefore the search after effective methods to alleviate cognitive decline or delay the onset of symptoms is of public interest. Modifying the composition of the intestinal flora seems to be one of the solutions as the impact of the microbiome on CNS is strongly dependent on the type of bacteria inhabiting it. By choosing the right diet and enriching it with nutrients that support the proper composition of the intestinal bacterial flora, especially probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenols, one may support the homeostasis of the brain to some extent and alleviate dementia or memory disorders accompanying neurodevelopmental disorders.